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UNIT 10: ENDANGERED SPECIES

TEST 1

Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.

1. a. national               b. serious                     c. awareness                 d. chemical
2. a. ability                 b. agriculture                 c. development             d. contaminate
3. a. government         b. agency                     c. benefit                      d. protection
4. a. disappearance     b. environment              c. conservation             d. generation
5. a. current                b. global                       c. social                        d. extinct

Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence, substitutes the underlined part, or has a close meaning to the original one.

6. _______ is a branch of Natural Science, and is the study of living organisms and how they interact with their environment.
7. Biology                           b. Biological                 c. Biologist                   d. Biologically
8. A / an _______ species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming extinct.
9. dangerous                       b. endanger                  c. endangered  d. endangerment
10. Only a few of the many species at risk of extinction actually make it to the lists and obtain legal _______.
11. protect                            b. protection                 c. protective                  d. protector
12. Probability of extinction depends _______ both the population size and fine details of the population demography.
13. on                                               b. in                              c. from                        d. for
14. Many modern medicines are derived _______ plants and animals.
15. on                                               b. for                            c. from                         d. in
16. 15,589 species (7,266 animal species and 8,323 plant species) are now considered _______ risk _______ extinction.
17. at / of                             b. on / in                                   c. for / with                   d. in / at
18. Known worldwide by its panda logo, World Wildlife Fund (WWF) is dedicated to protecting _______ world’s wildlife and the rich biological diversity that we all need to survive.
19. a                                                 b. an                             c. the                            d.Ø
20. World Wide Fund for Nature was formed to do the mission of the preservation of biological diversity, sustainable use of natural resources, and the reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption.
21. contamination      b. energy                      c. extinction      d. development
22. The Bali Tiger was declared extinct in 1937 due to hunting and habitat loss.
23. reserve                b. generation     c. natural environment    d. diversity
24. It is found that endangered species are often concentrated in areas that are poor and densely populated, such as much of Asia and Africa.
25. disappeared        b. increased                  c. threatened                 d. reduced
26. _______ is the existence of a wide variety of plant and animal species living in their natural environment. .
27. Biodiversity                     b. Conservation             c. Globe                                   d. Individual
28. She ___ be ill. I have just seen her playing basketball in the school yard.
29. needn’t                            b. shouldn’t                   c. mustn’t                      d. can’t
30. Hiking the trail to the peak _______ be dangerous if you are not well prepared for dramatic weather changes. You _______ research the route a little more before you attempt the ascent.
31. might / can                      b. may / mustn’t            c. can / should   d. must / needn’t
32. Peter has been working for 10 hours. He _______ be very tired now.
33. needn’t                            b. must                                     c. has to                                   d. should
34. He is unreliable. What he says _______ be believed.
35. cannot                            b. must not                   c. may not                    d. might not
36. I _______ find my own way there. You _______ wait for me.
37. should / can’t    b. have to / must    c. can / needn’t    d. might / mustn’t
38. When you have a small child in the house, you _______ leave small objects lying around. Such objects _______ be swallowed, causing serious injury or even death.
39. should / must                                          b. should not / might
40. needn’t / may                                          d. mustn’t / can’t
41. Frank’s wallet is lying on the coffee table. He _______ it here last night.
42. must have left                                         b. should have left
43. must be leaving                                       d. needn’t leave
44. Jenny’s engagement ring was precious! It _______ have cost a fortune.
45. must                               b. should                      c. can                           d. needn’t
46. You _______ take your umbrella along with you today. It _______ rain later on this afternoon.
47. ought to / mustn’t                                    b. needn’t / will
48. will / must                                                            d. should / might

Choose the underlined part that needs correction.

26. Species become extinct or endangerment for a number of reasons, but

                                                      a                                          b

the primary cause is the destruction of habitat by human activities.

                                                 c                                       d

27. Although species evolve differently, most of them adapt to a specific

       a                                                                           b

habitat or environment that best meets their survive needs.

                                       c                                  d

28. Without the particularly habitat, the species could not survive.

     a                      b                                             c               d

29. Such human activities as pollution, drainage of wetlands, cutting and

   a                                                          b

clearing of forests, urbanization, and road and dam construction has

     c                                                                                                  d

destroyed or :seriously damaged available habitats.

30. Habitat fragmentation have caused plant and animal species in the

                       a                      b                                           c

remaining islands of habitat to lose contact with others of their own kind.

                                                                       d

Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.

Species that belong to an area are said to be native species. Typically, they have been part of a given biological landscape for a long period, and they are well adapted to the local environment and to the presence of other native species in the same general habitat. Exotic species are interlopers, foreign elements introduced intentionally or accidentally into new settings through human activities. In one context an introduced species may cause no obvious problems and may, over time, be regarded as being just as “natural” as any native species in the same habitat. In another context, exotics may seriously disrupt delicate ecological balances and create a cascade of unintended consequences. The worst of these unintended consequences arise when introduced species put native species in destruction by preying on them, altering their habitats, or out-competing them in the struggle for food resources. Although biological introductions have affected environments the world over, the most destructive, effects have occurred on islands, where introduced insects, cats, pigs, rats, mongooses, and other nonnative species have caused the grave endangerment or outright extinction of literally hundreds of species during the past 500 years.

One of other reason to cause species extinction is overexploitation. This word refers to the utilization of a species at a rate that is likely to cause its extreme endangerment or outright extinction. Among many examples of severe overexploitation, the case of the great whales stands out in special relief. By the middle of the 20th century, unrestricted whaling had brought many species of whales to incredibly low population sizes. In response to public pressure, in 1982 a number of nations, including the USA, agreed to an international moratorium on whaling. As a direct result, some whale species which are thought to have been on extinction’s doorstep 25 years ago have made amazing comebacks, such as grey whales in the western Pacific. Others remain at great risk. Many other species, however, continue to suffer high rates of exploitation because of the trade in animal parts. Currently, the demand for animal parts is centered in several parts of Asia where there. is a strong market for traditional medicines made from items like tiger bone and rhino horn.

31. Native species _______.
32. are not used to the local environment
33. never get along well with other native species in the same environment
34. tend to do harm to exotic species
35. have been part of a given biological landscape for a long period
36. Exotic species _______.
37. do no harm to native species and the local environment
38. may kill native species for food
39. always share the environment peacefully with native species
40. help to make the local environment more ideal to survive
41. According to the first paragraph, _______.
42. non-native species have caused badly damage to native ones
43. introducing new exotic species to local environments is necessary
44. exotic species have never been introduced on islands
45. very few native species have been damaged by exotic species
46. According to the second paragraph, by the middle of the 20 century ___.
47. whale population was the most crowded in marine life
48. whale hunting was illegal
49. whale population increased dramatically
50. whaling was not restricted
51. Tiger bone and rhino horn _______.
52. are not popular in Asian markets
53. are never in the trade of animal parts
54. are used for making traditional medicines
55. cannot be found in Asian markets

Read the following passage and choose the best answer for each of the blanks from 36 to 40.   

Grizzly bear

     Another classic symbol of North American wildlife is the grizzly bear. (36)______ hunting and habitat destruction, its present number is closer to 1,000. Furthermore, because grizzly bears have babies at a very slow rate, it (37)______ many years for the population to grow.

     Most of the grizzly bears in the United States live in Yellowstone and Glacier National Parks. As grizzlies are still protected by the Endangered Species Act, hunting them is (38)______. As bear populations grow, it becomes very important to prevent encounters between humans and bears. People living in grizzly bear habitats are encouraged not to leave garbage lying around in case bears are attracted to the smell, and parks put up (39)______ warning people not to stray off the path. Visitors are also warned not to alarm (40)______ bears they encounter.

Question 36.      a. Thanks to                  b. Due to                       c. Despite          d. Unless

Question 37.      a. takes                         b. spends                      c. needs            d. loses

Question 38.      a. legal                          b. illegally                      c. legally           d. illegal

Question 39.      a. signs                         b. walls                         c. tents              d. fences

Question 40.      a. some                         b. many                        c. any               d. most

UNIT 10: ENDANGERED SPECIES

TEST 2

Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.

1. a. endangered                     b. destroyed                 c. damaged                  d. provided
2. a. attitude                           b. survive                      c. introduce                   d. human
3. a. medicine                                     b. priority                      c. crisis                         d. primary
4. a. chemical                         b. which                        c. change                      d. each
5. a. protect                            b. commercial               c. construction              d. climate

Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence, substitutes the underlined part, or has a close meaning to the original one.

6. Almost half of turtles and tortoises are known to be threatened with ____.
7. extinct                             b. extinction                  c. extinctive                  d. extinctly
8. Current extinction rates are at least 100 to 1,000 times higher than _______ rates found in the fossil record.
9. nature                             b. natural                      c. naturally             d. unnatural
10. It is reported that humans are the main reason for most species’ declines and habitat _______ and degradation are the leading threats.
11. destroy                           b. destructive                c. destructor                 d. destruction
12. We have to apply effective measures to save many plant and animal species _______ extinction.
13. from                               b. in                                          c. for                           d. on
14. Over-exploitation for food, pets, and medicine, pollution, and disease are recognized _______ a serious threat _______ extinction.
15. as / of                             b. to / for                                  c. over / with                 d. upon / at
16. Clearing forests for timber has resulted _______ the loss of biodiversity.
17. with                                 b. at                             c. in                                          d. for
18. Humans depend on species diversity to provide food, clean air and water, and fertile soil for agriculture.
19. destruction                      b. contamination           c. fertilizer                     d. variety
20. The world’s biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented rate, which makes wildlife _______.
21. prosperous                     b. prefect                      c. vulnerable                 d. remained
22. Life on Earth is disappearing fast and will continue to do so unless urgent action is taken.
23. vanishing                        b. damaging                 c. polluting                    d. destroying
24. _______ is the protection of environment and natural resources.
25. Survival               b. Commerce                c. Conservation             d. Extinction
26. Hunting for meat and burning forests for soil cause destruction to wildlife.
27. organization                    b. contamination           c. protection                 d. damage
28. Toxic chemicals from factories are one of the serious factors that leads wildlife to the _______ of extinction.
29. wall                                 b. fence                        c. verge                                    d. bridge
30. I _______ be at the meeting by 10:00. I will probably _______ take a taxi if I want to be on time.
31. must/ have to   b. may / must  c. should / needn’t  d. mustn’t / shouldn’t
32. You _______ forget to pay the rent tomorrow. The landlord is very strict about paying on time.
33. needn’t                            b. mustn’t                     c. do not have to           d. may not
34. The television isn’t working. It _______ during the move.
35. should have been damaged                                 b. needn’t be damaged
36. must have been damaged                                    d. ought not be damaged
37. I am not deaf. You _______ shout.
38. must                               b. mustn’t                     c. need                                     d. needn’t
39. John failed again. He _______ harder.
40. must have tried    b. should have tried    c. can tried   d. may have tried
41. _______ I borrow your lighter for a minute? – Sure, no problem. Actually, you _______ keep it if you want to.
42. May / can             b. Must / might             c. Will / should              d. Might / needn’t
43. I do not mind at all. You _______ apologize.
44. shouldn’t                         b. needn’t                     c. mustn’t                      d. oughtn’t to
45. The lamp _______ be broken. Maybe the light bulb just burned out.
46. should not                       b. might not                  c. must not                   d. will not
47. It is a top secret. You _______ tell anyone about it.
48. mustn’t                            b. needn’t                     c. mightn’t                     d. won’t
49. We have plenty of time for doing the work. We _______ be hurried.
50. needn’t                            b. shouldn’t                   c. mustn’t                      d. mayn’t

Choose the sentence that is closest in meaning to the original one.

28. It’s too late for you to call her at this time of night. 
29. You should call her now before it’s too late.
30. You are allowed to call herat this time.
31. Calling her now is not too early.
32. You shouldn’t call her now because it’s too late.
33. We always find Robert’s stories amusing.
34. Robert’s amusing stories are found.
35. Robert is interested in amusing stories.
36. We always find Robert reading amusing stories.
37. We are always amused by Robert’s stories.
38. The test was much easier than he had expected.
39. The test was so easy that he finished it as expected.
40. It’s possible for him to perform well on the test.
41. He didn’t find the test as difficult as he had expected.
42. He had hoped that the test was not too hard.

Read the passage and choose the best answer for each of the following questions.

       There are thousands of species of animals in the Amazon rainforest, each colored differently. Most rainforest animals use their colors for survival.

         Some animals use color to protect themselves from their predators. An example is the green iguana. Young iguanas are bright green and hide among the bright green lower leaves of the trees where they live. As they get older, their color becomes duller. Older iguanas live higher in the trees, where the colors all around are less bright.

         Other animals are predators and use color to hide from their prey. The boa constrictor snake is a good example. Some boas are gray or brown, and these colors help them hide on branches. The emerald boa is green and white, so it can easily hide in the leaves. A boa hides in a tree and waits for a bird to fly by. When one does, the boa grabs the bird from the air and then squeezes it to death before eating it.

         Poison arrow frogs don’t try to hide. They want everyone to see them. These colorful frogs can be orange, red, or green. Their bright colors let everyone know where they are. The bright color warns other animals that the frog is poisonous, so they stay away. These tiny frogs are very poisonous! One frog has enough poison to kill 100 people.

         The colors of the rainforest are beautiful for us, but to the animals, they are very important. They help the animals survive.

31. What is this passage mainly about?
32. How colors protect rainforest animals. b. How rainforest animals live.
33. Poisonous rainforest animals. d. Predators of the rainforest.
34. What color are young iguanas?
35. Dull green b. Bright green            c. Green and white      d. Orange, red, and green
36. What is TRUE about poison arrow frogs?
37. They like to hide b. They are predators
38. They have bright colors                             d. They aren’t very poisonous
39. What do boa constrictors eat?
40. Birds                     b. Leaves                    c. Older iguanas. d. Poison arrow frogs
41. Why might a bird fly near a boa constrictor?
42. Because it moves faster than the boa constrictor.
43. Because it can’t see the boa constrictor.
44. Because it wants to eat the boa constrictor
45. Because it isn’t afraid of the boa constrictor

Read the passage and choose the best answer to complete each of the blanks.

Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.

Do you want to take part in the battle to save the world’s wildlife? “Animal Watch” is a book which will (36)_________ you in the fight for survival that faces many of our endangered animals and show how they struggle on the (37)_________ of extinction. As you enjoy the book’s 250 pages and over 150 coloured photographs, you will have the (38)_________ of knowing that part of your purchase money is being used to help animals (39)_________. From the comfort of your armchair, you will be able to observe the world’s animals close-up and explore their habitats. You will also discover the terrible results of human greed for land, flesh and skins.

            “Animal Watch” is packed with fascinating facts. Did you know that polar bears cover their black noses (40)_________ their paws so they can hunt their prey in the snow without being seen, for example? Or that for each orangutan which is captured, one has to die?

36. a. involve                 b. bring c. lead                           d. combine
37. a. end                      b. edge             c. start                          d. limit
38. a. enjoyment            b. virtue            c. satisfaction                 d. value
39. a. conserve              b. revive           c. survive                      d. preserve
40. a. by                       b. from              c. with                           d. for

ANSWER KEY:

TEST 1

TEST 2